DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR FUEL INJECTION OF AN IC ENGINE

Gollapudi Arun Manohar

Abstract: Injection of the fuel into the manifold of gasoline engines has become very common. Through the concept is not new, the advent of cost effective, compact and reliable electronic controls has a lot to do with the success of fuel injection in gasoline engines. Electronics has begun to play a key role in fuel management and ignition. The modern internal combustion has to meet extreme requirements of high power to weight ratio, low exhaust emission levels and high thermal efficiency. The precise control of the ignition timing, which is possible by electronic means, allows reliable combustion with low cycle by cycle variations. Such systems also allow the engine to run under conditions very close to knock onset so that maximum thermal efficiency can be realized. Electronic control of the injection system allows us to select correct air fuel ratio for different operating conditions. It reduces mal-distribution between cylinders and leads to extremely low levels of exhaust emissions. Stable idling can also be achieved through the use of electronic controls. In this present work an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) hardware device is mainly developed for fuel injection control compatible with both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal as input to the EFI (Electronic Fuel Injector). A slotted Optocoupler is used as the sensor for speed detection and producing the PWM signal. The EFI having solenoid controlled valve, which works on PWM signal to inject the fuel. 8051 microcontroller interfaced with the LCD to display the speed of the engine, has been used. The output PWM signals are tested with LabVIEW and the results are calibrated.

Keywords: ECU, Slotted Optocoupler, Fuel Injection Circuit, LabVIEW.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0404076