SELECTION OF DRAINS COVERINGS TYPE IN EASTERN OF EGYPT

Shaimaa M. Khiry, Magdy H. Mowfy, Walaa Y. El-Nashar

Abstract: Drainage affects a host of biophysical soil properties and strongly influences crop growth and quality. Drainage systems improve field operations, enhance growing conditions for crop production and increase crop yields on poorly drained soils. Coverings are used to pass the small discharge to function as bridge there are two types for coverings, pipe or box type. The protection of agricultural drains against pollution resulting from illegal dumping of both liquid and solid waste in residential areas can be achieved in different ways. The main problems which lead to a perceived need to cover a drain are: to minimize the adverse impact of a polluted drain, especially close to residential areas, need to use the land area occupied by the drain for an access road or some other use, poor soil stability leading to bank failure, and to protect them from pollution. The negative impact is the high cost, difficulty of finding an alternative route and encroachment of residential areas to the new drain sites as a result of population growth. The concrete pipes or box sections are used for drains coverings. In this study twenty drains coverings are selected and redesign them as pipe type, under pressure and under gravity flow by using Hazen-Williams equation and as a box type, under gravity flow by using Manning equation. Hydraulic study is done. The comparison for heading up losses, area and hydraulic radius is covered. Economic studies are done also to evaluate these coverings. The best alternative for each covering is chosen in the hydraulic point, the economic point and the both hydraulic and economic points.

Keywords: Drain Covering; Pipe Type; Box Type; Under Pressure Flow; Under Gravity Flow and Egypt

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0306061