GENERATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTO-REALISTIC MODEL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENT VIA MULTI-SENSORS’ DATA INTEGRATION

Nurul Shahida Sulaiman, Erna Warnita Bachad, Albert K. Chong, Zulkepli Majid, Halim Setan

Abstract: Stimulated by the growing demand for three-dimensional (3D) photo-realistic model of archaeological monument, people are looking for efficient and more precise methods to generate them. However, a single method is not yet available to give adequate results in all situations, especially high geometric accuracy, automation, photorealism as well as flexibility and efficiency. This paper describes the method for generating 3D photo realistic model of Bukit Batu Pahat shrine by the means of multi-sensors data integration. Global Positioning System (GPS), Total Station and terrestrial laser scanner (Leica ScanStation C10) were used to record spatial data of the shrine. Nevertheless, due to the low quality of the coloured point cloud captured by the scanner, a digital camera, Nikon D300s was used to capture photos of the shrine for surface texturing purpose. A photo realistic 3D model with high geometric accuracy of the shrine was generated through spatial and image data integration. A feature mapping accuracy and geometric mapping accuracy was conducted to analyse the quality of the 3D photo-realistic model of the monument. Based on the results obtained, the integration of ScanStation C10 and images data is capable of providing a 3D photo-realistic model of Bukit Batu Pahat shrine where feature mapping accuracy showed that the model was 90.56 percent similar with the real object. Additionally, the geometrical accuracy of the model generated by ScanStation C10 data was very convincing which was ±4 millimetres. In summary, the goal of this research has successfully achieved where a 3D photo- realistic model of Bukit Batu Pahat shrine with good geometry was generated through multisensors data integration.

Keywords: archaeological monument, terrestrial laser scanner, digital photo, 3D photo-realistic model

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0210055